Conservation Status of Heron Populations
HeronConservation assesses the conservation status of herons on a population basis. It differs from the IUCN assessment, which is on the species level. As a result of this scale difference, the results for populations of some species may not be identical to the results at a species level. To the extent possible, HeronConservation uses the criteria of the IUCN Red List as its guide, down scaled to the population level. You can find the species scale criteria at the IUCN Website. Assessments are only a good as the data underlying them, and for some populations that information base is slim to nonexistent. As a result many assessments are approximations based on the best professional judgment of those who know the populations best. You are welcome to contribute to increasing the accuracy of these assessments by providing data and analyses, preferably with reference to the IUCN evaluative criteria. Please communicate with a HeronConservation Co-chair or Steering Committee Member. HeronConservation will use such contributions in the next assessment process.
The 2012 Conservation Status of Heron Populations is given below. The categories in the Conservation Status of Heron Populations are the same as the IUCN list. Like all species, herons may be classified the following categories, LC = Least Concern, NT = Near Threatened, VU = Vulnerable, EN = Endangered, CR = Critically Endangered, EW = Extinct in the Wild, and EX = Extinct. More information on the meaning of these categories may be found on the IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria document.
Species | Subspecies/ Population | Population Range | Pop. Conserv. Status |
---|---|---|---|
Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) | A.c.cinerea | SubSahara Africa | LC |
A.c.cinerea | W Europe, NW Africa | LC | |
A.c.cinerea | C & E Europe | LC | |
A.c.cinerea | C, SW Asia | LC | |
A.c.cinerea | S Asia | LC | |
A.c.jouyi | E Asia | LC | |
A.c.jouyi | Sumatra | VU | |
A.c.monicae | Mauritania | VU | |
A.c.firasa | Madagascar, Seychelles | EN | |
Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) | A.h.herodias | N, Central America | LC |
A.h.herodias | W North America | LC | |
A.h.herodias | N Mexico | LC | |
A.h.herodias | Baja Mexico | LC | |
A.h.fannini | Alaska, W Canada | LC | |
A.h.wardi | North America | LC | |
A.h.occidentalis | Florida, Caribbean | VU | |
A.h.occidentalis | Caribbean | VU | |
A.h.occidentalis | Central America | VU | |
A.h.cognata | Galapagos | LC | |
Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi) | South America | LC | |
White-necked Heron (Ardea pacifica) | Australia, Oceania | LC | |
Great Egret (Ardea alba) | A.a.alba | Europe | VU |
A.a.alba | SW Asia | LC | |
A.a.melanorhynchos | Tropical Africa | LC | |
A.a.egretta | North America | LC | |
A.a.egretta | Mexico | LC | |
A.a.egretta | Central America | LC | |
A.a.egretta | Caribbean | LC | |
A.a.egretta | South America | LC | |
Eastern Great Egret (Ardea modesta) | S Asia (nb) | LC | |
E Asia (nb) | LC | ||
Indonesia | LC | ||
Australia | LC | ||
New Zealand | VU | ||
Intermediate Egret (Ardea intermedia) | A.i.intermedia | S Asia | LC |
A.i.intermedia | E, SE Asia, C Japan, Indonesia | LC | |
A.i.intermedia | Indonesia | LC | |
A.i.brachyrhyncha | SubSahara Africa | LC | |
A.i.plumifera | E Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia | LC | |
Black-headed Heron (Ardea melanocephala) | Africa | LC | |
Malagasy Heron (Ardea humbloti) | Madagascar | EN | |
White-bellied Heron (Ardea insignis) | SE Asia | CE | |
Sumatran Heron (Ardea sumatrana) | SE Asia | LC | |
Australia | VU | ||
Goliath Heron (Ardea goliath) | SubSahara Africa | LC | |
SW Asia | EN | ||
Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) | A.p.purpurea | Tropical Africa | LC |
A.p.purpurea | SW, NW Europe, NW Africa | LC | |
A.p.purpurea | C, E Europe, Mediterranean | LC | |
A.p.purpurea | SW Asia (br) | LC | |
A.p.madagascariensis | Madagascar | VU | |
A.p.bournei | Cape Verde Island | EN | |
A.p.manilensis | S Asia | LC | |
A.p.manilensis | SE, E Asia | LC | |
Cattle Egret (Ardea ibis) | A.i.ibis | S Africa | LC |
A.i.ibis | Tropical Africa | LC | |
A.i.ibis | NW Africa | LC | |
A.i.ibis | SW Europe | LC | |
A.i.ibis | E Mediterranean, SW | LC | |
A.i.ibis | Asia | LC | |
A.i.ibis | North America (USA, Canada) | LC | |
A.i.ibis | Mexico | LC | |
A.i.ibis | Central America | LC | |
A.i.ibis | Caribbean | LC | |
A.i.ibis | South America | LC | |
A.i.seychellarum | Seychelles | LC | |
A.i.coromandus | S Asia | LC | |
A.i.coromandus | E, Se Asia | LC | |
A.i.coromandus | Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea | LC | |
Green Heron (Butorides virescens) | B. virescens | C, E North America | LC |
B. virescens | Mexico | LC | |
B. virescens | Central America | LC | |
B. virescens | Caribbean | LC | |
B. virescens | Bermuda | VU | |
B.v.bahamensis | Bahamas | LC | |
B.v.anthonyi | W North America, N Baja California | LC | |
B.v.frazari | S Baja California | LC | |
Striated Heron (Butorides striata) | B.s.striata | Central America (Panama), N South America | LC |
B.s.striata | C South America | LC | |
B.s.striata | Bolivia | LC | |
B.s.sundevalli | Galapagos | LC | |
B.s.brevipes | E Africa, SW Asia | LC | |
B.s.atricapilla | SubSahara Africa | LC | |
B.s.rutenbergi | Madagascar | LC | |
B.s.rhizophorae | Comoro Islands | LC | |
B.s.crawfordi | Aldabra, Amirante | LC | |
B.s.degens | Seychelles | LC | |
B.s.albolimbata | Chagos Islands, Maldives, Diego Garcia | VU | |
B.s.chloriceps | India | LC | |
B.s.spodiogaster | W Sumatra, Andaman, Nicobar | LC | |
B.s.amurensis | NE China, SE Russia, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu, Bonin, Taiwan, S China | LC | |
B.s.actophila | S China, N Indonesia, N Myanmar | LC | |
B.s.javanica | W Indonesia, Indian Ocean, Myanmar, Thailand | LC | |
B.s.moluccara | Moluccas | LC | |
B.s.moluccara | NW New Guinea, Aru | LC | |
B.s.solomonensis | New Ireland, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, W Fiji | LC | |
B.s.idenburgi | W Papua | LC | |
B.s.flyensis | S New Guinea | LC | |
B.s.stagnatilis | N Australia | LC | |
B.s.stagnatilis | NW Australia | LC | |
B.s.stagnatilis | NE Western Australia | LC | |
B.s.patruelis | Tahiti, Society | LC | |
B.s.macrorhyncha | E Australia | LC | |
B.s.macrorhyncha | SC New Guinea, NE Queensland | LC | |
B.s.carcinophila | Taiwan, Philippines, Sulawesi | LC | |
B.s.steini | Lesser Sundras, Indonesia | LC | |
Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides) | A.r.ralloides | SW Europe, NW Africa | LC |
A.r.ralloides | C, E Europe, E Mediterranean | LC | |
A.r.ralloides | SW Asia | LC | |
A.r.paludivaga | SubSahara Africa, Madagascar | LC | |
Indian Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii) | SW Asia S Asia | LC | |
Myanmar, Andaman, Nicobar | LC | ||
Maldives | VU | ||
Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus) | E, SE, S Asia | LC | |
Javan Pond Heron (Ardeola speciosa) | A.s.speciosa | W C Indonesia, S Philippines | LC |
A.s.continentalis | C Thailand, S Indochina | LC | |
Malagasy Pond Heron (Ardeola idae) | Madagascar, Aldabra, E Africa | EN | |
Rufous Bellied Heron (Ardeola rufiventris) | E & S Africa | LC | |
Reddish Egret (Egretta rufescens) | E.r.rufescens | S USA | VU |
E.r.rufescens | Mexico | VU | |
E.r.rufescens | Central America | VU | |
E.r.rufescens | Caribbean | VU | |
E.r.rufescens | N South America | VU | |
E.r.dickeyi | San Luis Island, W Mexico | VU | |
Pied Heron (Egretta picata) | Oceania | LC | |
Slaty Egret (Egretta vinaceigula) | C Africa | VU | |
Black Heron (Egretta ardesiaca) | SubSahara Africa | LC | |
Madagascar | NT | ||
Tricolored Heron (Egretta tricolor) | E.t.tricolor | N South America | LC |
E.t.ruficollis | USA | LC | |
E.t.ruficollis | Mexico | LC | |
E.t.ruficollis | Central America | LC | |
E.t.ruficollis | Caribbean | LC | |
White-faced Heron (Egretta novaehollandiae) | E.n.novaehollandiae | New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea, E Indonesia | LC |
E.n. parryi | NW Australia | LC | |
Little Blue Heron (Egretta caerulea) | North America | LC | |
Mexico | LC | ||
Central America | LC | ||
Caribbean | LC | ||
South America | LC | ||
Snowy Egret (Egretta thula) | E.t.thula | Central and North America | LC |
E.t.brewsteri | W North America, Baja California | LC | |
E.t.thula | Mexico | LC | |
E.t.thula | Central America | LC | |
E.t.thula | Caribbean | LC | |
E.t.thula | South America | LC | |
Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) | E.g.garzetta | SubSahara Africa | LC |
E.g.garzetta | W Europe, NW Africa | LC | |
E.g.garzetta | C, E Europe | LC | |
E.g.garzetta | Barbados | VU | |
E.g.garzetta | W Asia | LC | |
E.g.garzetta | S Asia | LC | |
E.g.garzetta | E SE Asia | LC | |
E.g.nigripes | Java, New Guinea | LC | |
E.g.immaculata | Australia, New Zealand | LC | |
E.g.gularis | W Africa | LC | |
E.g.schistacea | NE Africa, Red Sea | LC | |
E.g.schistacea | SW Asia | LC | |
E.g.dimorpha | Madagascar | LC | |
E.g.dimorpha | Aldabra, Amirante | LC | |
E.g.dimorpha | E Africa | LC | |
Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes) | E Asia | VU | |
Eastern Reef Heron (Egretta sacra) | E.s.sacra | SE Asia, Andaman, Nicobar, China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Philippines | LC |
E.s.albolineata | New Caledonia, Loyalty | LC | |
Whistling Heron (Syrigma sibilatrix) | S.s.sibilatrix | South America | LC |
S.s.fostersmithi | South America | LC | |
Capped Heron (Pilherodius pileatus) | South America | LC | |
Yellow-crowned Night Heron (Nyctinassa violacea) | N.v.violacea | North America | LC |
N.v.violacea | Mexico, Central America | LC | |
N.v.violacea | Socorro, W Mexico | LC | |
N.v.calignis | Panama, W South America | LC | |
N.v.cayennensis | Colombia, NE, E Brazil | LC | |
N.v.bancrofti | W Mexico to El Salvador, West Indies | LC | |
N.v.pauper | Galapagos | LC | |
Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) | N.n.nycticorax | W Europe, NW Africa | LC |
N.n.nycticorax | C, E Europe, E. Mediterranean | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | C Asia | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | SubSahara Africa, Madagascar | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | S Asia | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | E, SE Asia | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | North America | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | Mexico | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | Central America | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | Caribbean | LC | |
N.n.nycticorax | South America | LC | |
N.n.obscurus | S South America | LC | |
N.n.falklandicus | Falklands-Malvinas | LC | |
Reunion Night Heron (Nycticorax duboisi) | Reunion | EX | |
Mauritius Night Heron (Nycticorax mauritianus) | Mauritius | EX | |
Rodrigues Night Heron (Nycticorax megacephalus) | Rodrigues | EX | |
Rufous Night Heron (Nycticorax caledonicus) | N.c.caledonicus | New Caledonia | LC |
N.c.manillensis | Philippines, NE Borneo, Sulawesi | LC | |
N.c.pelewensis | Palau, Carolines | LC | |
N.c.mandibularis | Bismarck, Solomons | LC | |
N.c.hilli | Java, Australia, New Guinea | LC | |
White-backed Night Heron (Nycticorax leuconotus) | W Africa | LC | |
White-eared Night Heron (Gorsachius magnificus) | China | EN | |
Vietnam | EN | ||
Japanese Night Heron (Gorsachius goisagi) | S Japan; nb: Ryukyu, SE China, Philippines | EN | |
Malayan Night Heron (Gorsachius melanolophus) | G.m.melanolophus | SW India | LC |
G.m.melanolophus | Indochina, SW China | LC | |
G.m.melanolophus | Philippines | LC | |
G.m.melanolophus | Palauan, Philippines | LC | |
G.m.melanolophus | Nicobar | LC | |
South American Bittern (Botaurus pinnatus) | B.p.pinneatus | Central America, N South America | LC |
B.p.caribaeus | E. Mexico, Belize | LC | |
North American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus) | North America | LC | |
European Bittern (Botaurus stellaris) | B.s.stellaris | W Europe, NW Africa | LC |
B.s.stellaris | C E Europe, E Mediterranean | LC | |
B.s.stellaris | W C Asia ( nb) | LC | |
B.s.stellaris | C Asia (nb) | LC | |
B.s.stellaris | S, E Asia LC | LC | |
Australasian Bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus) | B.s.capensis | S Africa | EN |
B.s.capensis | Australia | VU | |
B.s.capensis | Tasmania | VU | |
B.s.capensis | New Zealand | EN | |
B.s.capensis | New Caledonia, Loyalty | EN | |
Streaked Bittern (Ixobrychus involucris) | N South America | LC | |
S South America | LC | ||
Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) | I.e.exilis | N, Central America, Caribbean | LC |
I.e.pullus | Sonora, NW Mexico | LC | |
I.e.bogotensis | Colombia | LC | |
I.e.erythromelas | N South America to Paraguay | LC | |
I.e.peruvianus | C W Peru | LC | |
Little Bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) | I.m.minutus | W Europe, NW Africa | VU |
I.m.minutus | C, E Europe, NE Africa | LC | |
I.m.minutus | W, SW Asia | LC | |
I.m.minutus | S Asia | LC | |
I.m.payesii | SubSahara Africa | LC | |
I.m.podiceps | Madagascar | VU | |
I.m.dubius | SW, E Australia, New Guinea | LC | |
I.m.novaezelandiae | Australasia | EX | |
Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) | Seychelles | LC | |
S Asia | LC | ||
E, SE Asia | LC | ||
Schrenck’s Bittern (Ixobrychus eurhythmus) | E, SE Asia | LC | |
Cinnamon Bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus) | S Asia | LC | |
SE Asia, Taiwan, S Japan | LC | ||
Dwarf Bittern (Ixobrychus sturmii) | SubSahara Africa | LC | |
Black Bittern (Ixobrychus flavicollis) | I.f.flavicollis | S Asia | LC |
I.f.flavicollis | E, SE Asia | LC | |
I.f.australis | Australia, New Guinea, Bismarck | VU | |
I.f.australis | Timor | LC | |
I.f.australis | Runnell | LC | |
I.f.woodfordi | New Britain, New Ireland | LC | |
I.f.australis | Solomon | LC | |
Zigzag Heron (Zibrillus undulatus) | South America | LC | |
Bare-throated Tiger Heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum) | T.m.mexicanum | C & N South America | LC |
T.m.mexicanum | Sonora, S. Mexico | LC | |
Fasciated Tiger Heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum) | T.f.fasciatum | SE Brazil, NE Argentina | LC |
T.f.salmoni | C. America, NW, W South America | LC | |
T.f.pallescens | NW Argentina | LC | |
Rufescent Tiger Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum) | T.l.lineatum | W Mexico, W Ecuador, N Bolivia, E Brazil | LC |
T.l.marmoratum | C Bolivia, E Brazil, NE Argentina | LC | |
New Guinea Tiger Heron (Zonerodius heliosylus) | New Guinea, New Britain | NT | |
White-crested Tiger Heron (Tigriornis leucolophus) | W Africa | LC | |
Agami Heron (Agamia agami) | Central, South America | LC | |
Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius cochlearius) | C.c.cochlearius | E Panama, Guyana, Amazonia, NE Argentina | LC |
C.c.zeledoni | W Central Mexico | LC | |
C.c.phillipsi | E Mexico, Belize | LC | |
C.c.ridgwayi | S Mexico, W Honduras, El Salvador | LC | |
C.c.panamensis | Costa Rica, Panama | LC |